3O'Grady NP, Alexander EP. Guidelines for the prevention of in- travascular catheter- related infections [J]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2002,51 (10) : 1 - 29.
4Jonas M, Leonard A, Mermel D C, et al. Strategies to prevent central line- associated blood stream infections in acute care hospitals [J]. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2008, 29 ( Suppll ) :22 - 28.
5Division of Healthcare Quality, Promotion National Center for In- fectious Diseases. The National Heahhcare Safety Net - work (NHSN) Manual [ M ]. Atlanta: CDC,2008:6.
6Deshpande KS, Hatem C, Ulrich HL, et al. The incidence infec- tious complications of central venous catheters at the subclavian, internal jugular, and femoral sites in an intensive care unit popu- lation [J]. Crit Care Med,2005,33( 1 ):13 - 20.
