水稻花药开裂的形态特征观察及机制分析

Analysis of the mechanism of anther dehiscence in rice based on morphological characteristics

以野败型雄性不育系V20A及其保持系V20B为核心材料,应用荧光显微、半薄切片和扫描电子显微镜技术,比较分析了不育与可育水稻花药及花丝的形态特征差异。结果表明:正常可育水稻花药气孔带(IMS2)分布的常开状气孔及其角质化表皮细胞保障了花药的正常失水,失水导致快速伸长的花丝中形成"气塞",进而形成反向拉扯开裂带(IMS1)两侧纤维层的裂药"驱动力",纤维层细胞内外壁非均匀增厚决定裂药受力方向,而花药表面纤维层细胞次生增厚的"V"形分布特征决定了花药开裂的位置顺序。

In order to further elucidate the morphological process mechanism of anther dehiscence in rice，the difference of morphological characteristics of anthers and filaments between the wild type male sterile line V20A and its maintainer line V20B were detailed compared by using fluorescence microscopy，semi thin sectioning and scanning electron microscope. Results indicated that the normally open stomata distributed in intermicrosporangia 2 （IMS2） and the keratinized epidermal cells of anther guaranteed normally water loss，the “gas plug” in the rapidly elongated filaments, which formed due to rapid transpiration，was the origin of “driving force” to reversed pull the fiber layer on both sides of intermicrosporangia 1 （IMS1） during anther dehiscence, non–uniform thickening of inside and outside the wall of fiber layer determined the direction of dehisced force, and the “V” type of secondary thickening in surface fibrous layer of anther determined the position and order of dehiscence in anther.