日本镰仓末期“茶禅一味”之考辨--以《大鉴清规》为解读文本

Textual Research of Tasting Zen in Tea During the Late Period of Kamakura Based on Da Jian Qing Gui

日本茶道中经常会提到"茶禅一味"一词,但对于茶与禅究竟在哪些方面达到了"一味"的状态,许多人尚无法言明。本文以对日本禅林制度影响最为直接且深远的《大鉴清规》为文本,重点研读了清规中的吃茶与茶礼情况,进而探寻"茶禅一味"的真意。通过解读文本可知,从吃茶氛围、坐席安排等情况来看,寺院茶事与茶道茶事的过程一样都是庄重而有序的,并且在吃茶前都会进食和焚香;但是,在茶事构成、沏茶方式及饮茶目的方面,二者有明显的区别。"茶禅一味"的真意并非指吃茶与参禅外在形式上的一致,更多的是指彼此在精神境界层面的相似。

In Japan＇s tea ceremony, the term of ＂tasting Zen in tea＂ is often mentioned. It is quite confusing for peopleto tell exactly where tea and Zen have reached the state of ＂one taste＂. This paper takes Da Jian Qing Gui as the textual re-search object, which had the most direct and far-reaching influence on Japanese Zen Buddhism system. Based on monasticrules for Buddhists in tea drinking and tea ceremony, it then explores the true meaning of ＂tasting Zen in tea＂. It finds thattea ceremony in temple was as solemn and orderly as the tea ceremony in terms of the tea atmosphere and seating arrange-ments, which required eating food and burning incense before drinking tea. However, there were obvious differences betweenthe two in the composition of tea matters, the way of making tea and the purpose of drinking tea. The true meaning of ＂tasteZen in tea＂ does not mean that drinking tea is consistent with the external form of Zen meditation, but refers to the similarityof each other in spiritual realm.