中国古代水产专书研究

Research on Aquatic Monograph in Ancient China

中国水产资源丰富,渔业历史悠久,伴随渔业发展出现了大量关于水产品养殖、捕捞、鉴赏等方面的专书。本文对古代水产专书按照鱼类养殖专书、水产动植物专书、水产品捕捞类专书、水产品鉴赏类专书这4种分类进行详细阐述,旨在系统梳理古代水产专书,为古代文献的再利用提供参考。《养鱼经》是中国现存最古老的养鱼专著,之后又产生了《鱼经》《蛎考》等作品。中国古代记载沿海水产动植物的代表作品有《闽中海错疏》《记海错》《海错百一录》等。还有关于渔具渔法及捕捞大黄鱼经验的专书如《渔具咏》《渔书》和《官井洋讨鱼秘诀》,关于金鱼品鉴图谱之类的专书如《金鱼图谱》《朱砂鱼谱》等。

China has rich aquatic resources and a long fishery history. With the development of fishery, a large number of aquatic monographs about aquaculture, fish catching and appreciation came into being which are very important for fishery history and modern fishery researches. In order to review the literature, this paper systematically and comprehensively introduced the ancient aquatic works according to 4 categories, namely, fish culture monograph, aquatic animal and plant monograph, fish catching monograph and aquatic appreciation and discrimination monograph. Tao Zhu＇Guidebook to Pisciculture is now the oldest work recording carp culture, and other works such as Classics of Fish Breeding and Textual Research about Oyster came into being in succession. The representative works about aquatic animals and plants are Textually Research of Marine Products in Fujian, Notes on Marine Products and Epitomized Notes on Marine Products, etc. And the representative works on fishing are Poetry of the Fishing Gear and Methods, Fishing Book, Recipe of Fishing in Guanjingyang Ocean, etc. Atlas of Goldfish and Goldfish Chart are the representative works for aquatic appreciation and discrimination.