赓续与演进:徽州族规家法的近代转向

Continuation and Evolution: Development of Family Disciplines and Clan Regulations of Huizhou in the Modern Times

族规家法是传统宗族调整内部社会关系的主要手段之一。作为国法重要补充,随国法变动而调整,具有鲜明的时代特征。向以宗法森严著称的古徽州地区,在晚清以来百年变局中面临艰难转型,其族规家法嬗变不啻是一个最佳历史注脚。清民鼎革之际涌现的大量族规家法,虽然大多延续和维护旧家族观,但间或能够看到符合时代气息的新思想,诸如倡导族内男女平权、革新传统职业观,乃至放宽异姓承嗣,等等。尽管这一趋势在地方宗族中间尚不显著,却折射出徽州宗族融入近代社会的多元性与曲折性。

Family disciplines and clan regulations are one of the major means for adjusting the internal social relations.As an important supplement to the national law, it had been adapted according to the changes of the state law with distinctive temporal features. In ancient Huizhou region which was known for its strict patriarchal clan, the transformation of family disciplines and clan regulations was a best historical footnote since the late Qing Dynasty. A large number of family disciplines and clan regulations emerged in the change of the regime from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, although most of them continued and maintained the old family values, sometimes it was found some new ideas conforming to the trend of times, such as advocating equality between men and women, innovation in traditional profession, and loosening recruited inheritance and so on. Even though such kind of trend was not striking among the local clans, it reflected the pluralism and tribulation of Huizhou clans in modern society.