太平天国战后的广东备荒仓储重建

On Granary Reconstruction in Guangdong Province After Taiping Rebellion

仓储是古代重要的备荒措施,为保障地方粮食安全,缓解灾荒危机发挥了重要作用。因咸丰年间战争的破坏,广东以常平仓、社仓、义仓为主体的备荒仓储体系几近瓦解。同光时期朝廷力图重振仓储,三仓格局出现较大变动。传统常平仓、社仓碍于形势已难恢复,反是义仓在积谷的背景下,倍受地方官绅推崇,成为同光时期的主导仓种。但是受经济和地方形势变化的影响,义仓的发展规模有限,灾害救济开始更多地依靠市场和地方慈善组织。

Granary, as an important measure of famine relief, played an important role in ensuring local food security and alleviating famine crisis in ancient China. Granaries in Guangdong Province, including the ever-normal granary, community granary and charity granary, were all destroyed in Taiping Rebellion. In the reconstruction process during the Tongzhi and Guangxu reign period, charity granaries became a popular choice of local officials and elites. Nevertheless, affected by economy and local situations, storage capacity of charity granary was severely reduced, and disaster relief began to rely more on the market and local charity organizations in late Qing Dynasty.