汉画中的饮酒礼俗

On Drinking Customs in the Paintings of the Han Dynasty

本文以考古材料为基础,结合历史文献专门对汉画像中的饮酒礼俗作一较为系统的考察。从用酒场景、饮酒之礼俗和饮酒中的娱乐活动三个方面进行论述,认为汉代的用酒场景可分为祭祀用酒、祛鬼仪式、军功饮酒、丧礼吊唁和饮酒自娱五种;从坐席、坐向、敬酒饮酒和男女分席论述了汉代饮酒中礼俗;并认为在饮酒中常见的活动有猜拳、六博、投壶、乐舞和百戏五种。

This paper investigates drinking behaviors displayed in the paintings of the Han Dynasty. By combining archaeological materials and historical documents, the investigation mainly focused on three aspects including drinking occasions, drinking customs, and recreational activities. It divides drinking occasions into ritual activities, ghosts-expelling ceremonies, military banquet, funeral condolences and self-entertainments. It also discusses the drinking customs in terms of the arrangement and orientation of seats, toasting, and the separation of men and women during drinking. It holds that there are five most common recreational activities, namely finger-guessing game, liubo, touhu, dancing and baixi（acrobatics）.