沧州市辖区老年人居家养老服务需求的影响因素研究

An investigation into the influencing factors on the demand among the elderly for home-based care services in Cangzhou municipanity

目的研究沧州市辖区老年人居家养老服务需求的影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群定额随机抽样方式对沧州市辖区1000名60岁以上老年人进行问卷调查,分析沧州市辖区老人居家养老服务需求的影响因素。采用SPSS 18. 0软件进行数据处理,组间比较采用χ2检验。多因素logistic回归分析筛选独立危险因素。结果获得有效问卷898份,有效回收率89. 8%。单因素分析结果显示,年龄、文化程度、职业、婚姻状况、家庭经济状况及健康状况因素对老人居家养老服务的需求有显著影响(P <0. 05)。logistic回归分析结果显示,大专及以上学历(OR=0. 267,95%CI=0. 154~0. 846)、商业服务及技术人员(OR=0. 352,95%CI=0. 167~0. 984)、丧偶(OR=0. 391,95%CI=0. 224~0. 855)、经济收入5000元(人年均收入)以上(OR=0. 384,95%CI=0. 208~0. 931)、健康状况差(OR=0. 296,95%CI=0. 052~0. 366)是居家养老服务需求的影响因素。结论对老年人居家养老服务需求有明显影响的因素有文化程度、职业、婚姻状态、家庭经济状况及健康状况,社区工作人员可以依据此调查分析结果制定和实施居家养老服务项目。

Objective To investigate the influencing factors on the demand among the elderly for home-based care services in Cangzhou municipanity. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted using stratified multistage random sampling among 1000 people aged over 60 years in Cangzhou municipality, and an analysis was made of the influencing factors on the demand for home-based care services among the elderly there. SPSS statistics 18.0 was used for data processing. χ 2 test was performed for comparison between groups, and a multiple logistic regression for screening independent risk factors. Results A total of 898 valid questionnaires were collected back with a recovery rate of 89.8%. A univariate analysis showed that age, education, occupation, marital status, family financial status and health status had significant influence on the demand among the elderly for home-based care services （ P 〈0.05）. A logistic regression analysis showed that college education or above （ OR =0.267, 95% CI =0.154-0.846）, business services and technical staff （ OR =0.352, 95% CI =0.167-0.984）, widowhood （ OR =0.391, 95% CI =0.224-0.855）, annual family income per capita over RMB 5000 yuan （ OR =0.384 , 95% CI =0.208-0.931）, poor health （ OR =0.296, 95% CI =0.052-0.366） are the influencing factors on the demand for home-based care services. Conclusion The factors that have a significant impact on the needs of the home-based care services among the elderly are education, occupation, marital status, family financial status and health status. The results form a basis on which the community workers can develop and implement home-based care services.