马来西亚政治变局探析

A Probe into the Political Changes in Malaysia

第14届全国大选是马来西亚历史上的标志性事件。执政60余年的巫统倒台,使马来西亚的政治生态焕然一新。这从表面上看是"一马公司"腐败案所致,但实际上是安瓦尔领导的"烈火莫熄"运动动摇了巫统的执政根基,而巫统自身又未能满足马来西亚民众日益多元的需求。"希望联盟"上台后,马来西亚政坛新人涌现,并首次出现了弱势总理,内阁和国会的党派竞争加剧,巫统作为反对党仍对政局发展有重要影响,这些都是马来西亚历史上从未有过的新变化。但毋庸置疑的是,马来西亚政坛的两大矛盾——马来人之间、马来人与华人的矛盾——没有变化。马来西亚外交在坚持以东盟为基石的同时,开始强调"马来西亚优先",并积极发展与中、日两个大国的关系。

The 14th national election is a landmark event in Malaysian history, which witnessed the downfall of the United Malaysia National Organization(UMNO) that had run the country for over 60 years and the refreshing of political environment in Malaysia. Superficially, it was the result of the "1 MDB" scandal, but in fact the reason was that the "Reformasi" Movement led by Anwar has shaken the ruling foundation of the UMNO, while the UMNO itself was unable to satisfy the diversifying demand of the Malaysian population. Since Pakatan Harapan came to power, quite some new political figures have emerged in Malaysia, and Malaysia has seen a weak prime minister for the first time in history, with different parties contesting fiercely in both cabinet and parliament, while the UMNO still has important influence over the political development in Malaysia as an opposition party. All of these are new changes Malaysia has never seen before. However, the two major political contradictions----the contradiction among the Malays and the contradiction between the Malays and the overseas Chinese residents----in Malaysian politics have undoubtedly remain unchanged, which has determined that Malaysia has not changed fundamentally. In diplomacy, Malaysia will emphasize "Malaysia first" and actively develop relations with China and Japan on the basis of consolidating relations with the ASEAN countries.