我国古典戏曲与封建礼教女性形象之偏差探析

The Deviation of Female Images between Chinese Traditional Opera and Feudal Ethics and Rites

我国古典戏曲中出现了许多独立自主、个性鲜明的女性形象,她们与封建礼教规范下的女性形象有一定的偏差,由此可见剧作家对社会男女两性关系进行了重新定位与思考。这种偏差现象产生的原因,一是日常生活中女性不容忽视的家庭地位,二是剧作家感受到封建礼教对男性的约束,三是中国乡土社会的实用精神和儒教世俗化的影响,四是封建礼教强调"男女有别"的反作用。古典戏曲中独特的女性形象被保留的意义,说明古代乡土社会对经验的重视,以及经验在现实生活中对人们女性观的影响。探析这一偏差现象,对客观认识并促进当代女性解放有积极意义。

There are many female images which are independent and distinctive in traditional Chinese opera, and they have a certain deviation from the female images under the feudal ethics and rites norms. Thus it can be seen that the bondage of feudal women does not infiltrate into all aspects of real life as the official ethics wish. The playwrights reposition gender relations on purpose, which is closer to the nature and relative equality promoted by Zhouyi. In rural China, the empiricism and practicality of the daily life world, the secularization of Confucianism, the reaction of gender differences in the feudal ethics and rites system and the dependence and weakness of males arising from the constraints of the feudal ethics, they are all the significant reasons why the female images with strong subjectivity in these traditional opera are recognized by the contemporaries.