部分发达国家0—3岁托幼公共服务经验及启示

Research on Some Developed Countries' Experience and Enlightenment for Childcare Public Services under the Age of 3

近年来,托幼问题已成为中国社会热点问题,但3岁以下托幼服务发展还很滞后。国际上3岁以下托幼公共服务政策和实践已有一定基础,为此选取3岁以下托幼服务较为发达的瑞典、法国、日本和韩国,对其服务理念、现状和政策进行考察。研究发现,目前这些国家0—3岁幼儿在机构被照看的比例在30%以上,有的甚至超过50%,其都将3岁以下托幼服务作为一项涉及人口、社会、经济和教育的综合性政策加以重视,通过立法及出台连贯性强的政策措施,建立起相对完备而各有特色的0—3岁托幼服务体系。这些经验对中国确立解除妇女后顾之忧、支持父母平衡工作和家庭及教育幼儿的托幼服务目标,政府继续承担发展托幼服务责任,推进学前教育立法,适度扩大3岁以下托幼服务等有所启示。

In recent years, the issue of childcare has become a hot issue in China, but the development of childcare services under the age of 3 is still lagging behind. This paper selects Sweden, France, Japan and South Korea, which have developed services for children under the age of 3 in Europe and Asia, to investigate their service concept,current situation and policy. The study found that all the above-mentioned countries had attached importance to childcare services under the age of 3 as a comprehensive policy involving population, society, economy and education,and have established a relatively complete and unique childcare service system of 0 to 3 years old through legislation and the introduction of consistent policies and measures. In recent years, the proportion of children aged 0-3 years being cared for at childcare institution in these countries is over 30%, some over 50%. These experiences have some implications for China to establish the goal of relieving women＇s worries about childcare and support parents＇ work-family balance as well as educating young children, for the government to continue to assume the responsibility of developing child care services, for promoting pre-school education legislation, and for moderately expanding child care services under the age of 3.