2016年陕西省农村饮水安全工程监测结果分析

Monitoring results of rural drinking water safety project in Shaanxi Province(2016)

目的掌握陕西省农村饮水安全工程区域特征和水质卫生现状,为精准的开展饮用水安全管理提供科学依据和技术支持。方法于2016年3～10月,在陕西省全部涉农区县开展农村饮水安全工程卫生学调查和水质分析。数据按照关中平原、秦巴山区和陕北高原分别统计、分析与评价。结果全省水样达标率为51. 04%。关中平原水样达标率(72. 02%)高于秦巴山区(35. 41%)与陕北高原(32. 00%)(P <0. 05);关中平原、秦巴山区和陕北高原水源类型分别以深井水、溪水和浅井水为主,供水方式分别以未处理、沉淀过滤和未处理为主。关中平原总大肠菌群达标率(87. 76%)高于秦巴山区(36. 87%)和陕北高原(64. 64%)(P <0. 05),关中平原达标率较低的指标包括氟化物(92. 66%)和六价铬(96. 94%);陕北高原达标率较低的指标依次为六价铬(86. 43%)、氟化物(87. 29%)、硫酸盐(88. 29%)、硝酸盐氮(92. 93%)、总硬度(95. 00%)和氯化物(95. 43%)。结论陕西省农村饮水安全工程水样达标率较低,区域间水质差异较大,微生物污染和消毒设备配备率低是主要原因。

Objective To understand the sanitary status of rural drinking water safely projects in different regions of Shaanxi, so as to provide scientific basis and technical support for carrying out precise drinking water safety management. Methods From March to October of 2016, sanitary survey and water quality analysis were carried out in rural drinking water safely projects in the 102 agricultural counties in Shaanxi and the data were statistically analyzed and evaluated according to the northern, central and southern regions. Results The qualified rate of rural drinking water safely projects in Shaanxi was 51. 04%. The qualified rate in centralregion was 72. 02%, which was significantly higher than that in the southern（35. 41%） and northern（32. 00%） regions（P 〈 0. 05）.The type of water source in the central, southern and northern regions were deep well water, stream water and shallow well water, andthe water supply mode in the central, southern and northern regions were untreated water, precipitated and filtered water, untreated water, respectively. The difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0. 05）. The qualified rate of total coliforms in central region was 87. 76%, which was significantly higher than that in the southern （ 36.87%） and northern （ 64. 64%） regions （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Thequalified rate of fluoride and hexavalent chromium in the water of central region was 92. 66% and 96.94%. The indexes of lowqualified rate in the water of northern region were hexavalent chromium （86. 43%）, fluoride （87. 29%）, sulfate （88.29%）, nitratenitrogen （92.93%）, total hardness （95. 00%） and chloride（95.43%）. Conclusion The qualified rate of rural drinking watersafely projects in Shaanxi was relatively low, and the water quality between regions was quite different, microbial pollution and lack ofsterilizing equipments were the main factors.