基于FLOW-3D的异侧竖缝式鱼道水力特性研究

Study on hydraulic characteristics of different side vertical slit fishway based on FLOW-3D

水流流态和紊动能是鱼道设计中重要的两个水力特性。为此,利用Rhinoceros5软件做三维模型,并基于FLOW-3D软件,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型、TurVOF(Volume-of-Fluid)方法和FAVOR(Fractional Area Volume Obsta-cle Representation)技术,对长42 m、宽2.5 m、高3 m的鱼道模型的水流流态和紊动能进行模拟计算。模拟计算结果表明:在同一高程下不同池室的流态分布相似,主流区明确,最大速度约为1.0 m/s,适合大多数鱼类洄游;不同高程相同池室及休息室的流态分布也相似,通过竖缝的流速总体上呈现出先增大,后减小,再增大的规律。池室及休息室的紊动能都很小,均在0.024 J/kg以下,能满足绝大部分鱼类洄游。该模拟结果可对相关鱼道设计及科研提供技术上的支持。

Water flow pattern and turbulent kinetic energy are two important hydraulic characteristics for fishway design. In order to study these two characteristics of a fishway model dimensioning 42m×2.Sm×3m（L×W×H）, 3D model was established with Rhinoceros5 software, and numerical simulation was conducted based on the FLOW-3D software, the RNG k-ε turbulence model, TurVOF （Volume of Fluid） method and FAVOR （Fractional Area Volume Obstacle Representation） technology. The results of simulation demonstrate that the flow patterns in different pools on the same elevation are similar, and the mainstream area is clear, with the maximum speed of 1.0m/s approximately, which is favorable for most fish migration. The flow pattern distribution in the same pool room and rest room on different elevations are also similar, and the flow velocity in the vertical slit has a tendency of rise, fall and rise again. The turbulent kinetic energy of the pool room and the rest room is very small, all below 0.024J/kg, which can satisfy migration of the majority of fish.