“文”与“人”的追问——评20世纪90年代中国文化历史散文

A Detailed Inquiry of Text and Man: Comments on Chinese Cultural and Historical Prose in the 1990s

20世纪90年代散文从文学体裁的边缘化走向了中心化,掀起一股不容忽视的创作热潮。这不仅是读者的选择,更是知识分子阐述自身和寻找位置的需要,而文化历史散文则是这种需要所结出的硕果。它试图在钩沉千年的历史洪流中去打捞和追问知识分子群体命运的多舛和人生的起伏,从而对当下的知识分子给予启示和思考。其中,王充闾、梁衡和余秋雨成为了这类散文的代表作家。他们善于从知识分子的个人性格(内在因素)、政治场域(外在因素)以及山水视野(追古抚今)这三个维度去解读和把握古代知识分子的"文"与"人",而这三个维度也伴随着他们引起的轰动效应成为了20世纪90年代文化历史散文最具代表性的三种写作范式。

In the 1990s,the prose moved from the marginalization of literary genre to the centralization,which led to a great upsurge of writing. This is not only the choice of readers,but also the need for men to expound themselves and find their positions. Cultural and historical prose is the fruit of this need. It tries to salvage and question the suffering and ups and downs of life of intellectuals in the historical flood of thousands of years,so as to give enlightenment and thinking to intellectuals at present. Among them,WANG Cong-lv,LIANG-Heng and YU Qiu-yu became the representative writers of this kind of prose. They are good at from intellectuals personality （internal factors）,political field （external factor）and landscape vision （back to the ancient fondle today）to interpret the three dimensions and grasp of the ancient intellectuals“culture”and“people”,but also with the three dimensions what they splash into the 90s,the most representative of three kinds of cultural and historical prose writing paradigm.