近十年福州沿海赤潮的基本特征研究

Research on the basic characteristics of red tide in Fuzhou coastal waters during the past 10 years

收集统计了2008—2017年的福州沿海赤潮记录历史资料,对近十年福州沿海赤潮的基本特征进行综合分析,结果表明:(1)2012年赤潮发生的次数最多,2010年赤潮发生的面积最大。近五年(2013—2017年)与之前五年(2008—2012年)相比,赤潮的年发生次数、持续天数和发生面积都呈明显减少的趋势;(2)赤潮的发生期为3—9月,高发期为5—6月;(3)赤潮主要发生在黄岐半岛沿海、闽江口沿海、长乐沿海、福清湾-海坛海峡海域和罗源湾海域,大部分发生在黄岐半岛沿海。封闭型和半封闭型海域发生的赤潮较多,不同藻类的空间分布存在较明显的区域特征;(4)引发福州沿海赤潮的藻种有8种,分别是东海原甲藻、中肋骨条藻、米氏凯伦藻、夜光藻、柔弱拟菱形藻、圆海链藻、刚毛根管藻和丹麦细柱藻,其中前3者为主要影响种,作为其中唯一的有毒藻种,米氏凯伦藻虽然在发生次数、持续天数和发生面积上占比均不大,但是近十年福州沿海几乎所有由赤潮灾害导致的重大渔业经济损失均与其有关。

The basic characteristics of red tide occurrences in Fuzhou coastal waters during 2008--2017 were comprehensively analyzed based on the statistics of historical data of the past 10 years. The results were as follows： （1） Red tides occurred most frequently in 2012, and the largest area of red tides occurred in 2010.The number and the duration days of red tide occurrences, and the area of the occurrences during 2013 to 2017, had shown a significant decrease, compared with which during 2008 to 2012. （2） The occurrence period of red tides was from March to September, and the peak period was in May and June. （3） Red tides mainly occurred in the coastal waters of Huangqi Peninsula, Minjiangkou coastal waters, Changle coastal waters, Fuqing Bay, Haitan Strait, and Luoyuan Bay, The vast majority of red tides occurred in the coastal waters of Huangqi Peninsula, and most of them occurred in closed and semi-closed sea areas. The spatial distribution of different red tide algae had significant regional characteristics. （4） There were 8 species of algae that caused red tides in Fuzhou coastal waters, named by Prorocentrum donghaiense, Skeletonema costatum, Karenia mikimotoi, Noctiluca scintillans, P delicatissima, Thalassiosira rotula, Rhizosolenia setigera, and Leptocylindrus danicus. Prorocentrum donghaiense was the most frequent species of red tides, followed by Skeletonema costatum and Karenia mikimotoi. As the only toxic algae species, Karenia mikimotoi did not account for a large proportion of occurrences, while almost all the major fishery economic losses caused by the red tide disaster has a high relationship with it in Fuzhou coastal waters during the past 10 years.