早期周作人的自由思想考辨

On Zhou Zuoren's Liberalism in the Early Time

周作人自身的经历和境遇使他主动选择了自由主义,并在与自由主义的交流和碰撞中作出了自己的调整和制衡。兄弟失和事件、附逆事件等虽众说纷纭,莫衷一是,但从根本上考量,基于自由的信仰实在是决定性因素。梁启超有关自由与自强、自由与服从等论述都或隐或显,程度不等地影响了周作人此后的价值选择。周作人因受自由鼓动而被激发起来的斗争心几乎可以与那一时期的最强音相颉颃,直到二十年代与章士钊、陈西滢的骂战仍是这一思想趋势的余波。自由主义在"五四"时期的周作人那里更多转换为个人主义和人道主义,而思想自由和宽容则成为他建构自由主义的核心要件。

Zhou Zuoren’s choice of liberalism is just resulted from his own personal experiences and circumstances. And he made adjustment to check and balance himself in the process of exchanging and colliding with liberalism. Although opinions are widely divided on such incidents as the inharmoniousness between brothers and throwing in his lot with rebels, etc. fundamentally speaking, his firm belief in liberty is the truly decisive factor. It goes without doubt that Liang Qichao’s discussions about liberty and self-improvement, liberty and compliance influenced Zhou Zuoren’s choice of value in one way or another. During the period of “May the Four”, Zhou Zuoren, more often than not, changed his liberalism into individualism and humanism whereas the ideological freedom and tolerance became the core element of his construction of liberalism.