股东未届出资期限时的债权人救济研究

Research on the Creditor's Relief when the Capital Contribution Period of Shareholders is not Due

公司注册资本登记制度改革背景下,公司无法偿还债权人债务,而股东未届章程规定的出资期限,债权人权利如何救济,当前主要有股东出资义务直接加速到期以及不能直接加速到期而适用其他救济途径两种观点。根据股东恶意程度、债权人受损程度以及股东和债权人利益平衡理念,提出了三个层次的救济模式,即一般情形下由债权人风险自担,股东恶意利用或制造出资期限利益规避债务时由股东承担补充赔偿责任,达到法人人格否认标准时否认公司独立人格,由股东承担无限连带责任。

Under the reform of the company＇ s registered capital registration system, when the company is unable to repay the creditor＇ s debt and the capital contribution period stipulated in the articles of association is not due, how can creditor＇ s rights be remedied. At present, there are mainly two ways, one is to directly accelerate maturity of the shareholder＇s capital obligation and the other is to apply other remedies rather than accelerating the expiry. According to malicious degree ofshareholders, damage of creditors, and the balance of interests of shareholders and creditors, A three-level relief model is proposed： under the general circumstances, creditors take their own risk; When shareholders maliciously use or create the benefit of capital contribution expiration to evade the debts, shareholders shall bear the supplementary lability; when the standard of the disregard of the corporate entity is satisfied, shareholders shall undertake the unlimited joint and several other liabilities. The paper also analyzes the legal basis and advantages of these three different remedies based on different cases and elaborates why it is the most appropriate remedy for creditors.