2种酶联免疫试剂和核酸同步筛查HIV的策略评价

Evaluation of blood screening strategy of HIV with 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reagents and nucleic acid test

目的评价酶联免疫法(ELISA)第三代试剂、第四代试剂和核酸同步检测无偿献血者人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的检测策略。方法采用1种第三代、1种第四代ELISA试剂和1种核酸检测试剂分别对2016年1月至2017年6月无偿献血者血浆样本进行平行检测。初筛结果为反应性的标本送检至确证实验室,采用免疫印迹法(WB)进行HIV-1抗体确证。结果第三代抗-HIV诊断ELISA试剂与WB的阳性符合率为72.11%;第四代抗-HIV诊断ELISA试剂与WB的阳性符合率为37.06%;核酸检测与WB的阳性符合率为93.04%;3种方法同步检测与WB的阳性符合率为100.00%。结论使用ELISA第三代与第四代HIV筛查试剂和核酸同步检测可以提高筛查无偿献血者HIV的能力,降低经血传播HIV的风险。

Objective To evaluate the blood screening strategy of human inamunodeficiency virus （HIV） in volutary unpaid blood donors with third generation,fourth generation reagents enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） reagents and nucleic acid test. Methods One third generation anti HIV ELISA reagent,one fourth generations HIV antigen anti HIV co diagnose ELISA reagent and one viral nucleic acid test reagent were used for detecting the plasma samples of blood donors in parallel. The samples which considered reactive results of the screening test were confirmed by the Western blot （WB）. Results The positive rate of third generation anti HIV diagnostic ELISA reagent and WB was 72.11% ,the positive rate of fourth generation an ti HIV diagnostic ELISA reagent and WB was 37.06%,the positive rate of nucleic acid detection and WB was 93.04% ,while the positive coincidence rate between the three methods of synchronous detection and WB was 100. 00 % . Conclusion The use of synchronous detection of the third and fourth generation HIVscreening re agents and nucleic acid detection can improve blood donation screening ability of HIV, and reduce the risk of transfusion transmitted HIV.