新型抽油机设计与控制

Design and control of the novel pumping unit

研究针对游梁式抽油机系统的结构特点和能耗大的问题,设计了一种新型节能抽油机。抽油机采用开关磁阻电机启动电流小,可以频繁变换工作方向,工作效率高,电机控制系统可以实现开关磁阻电机柔性启动和速度控制,避免了抽油机在换向启动时的机械冲击,利用行星齿轮滚筒减速的方式取代体积较大的减速器减速,新型的滚筒结构紧凑、降速比大,利用配重导向部件的升降来实现位能的改变,提高了抽油机系统的稳定性和工作效率。通过在所搭建实验平台的测试,验证了抽油机各主要部件工作性能和控制系统的稳定性。并对运行的测试数据进行了对比分析,结果表明所设计抽油机节能效果显著,性能得到提高。

An energy-saving of the beam-type system has been designed according to the probhem of beam-type pumping system of the structural characteristics and high energy consumption. The switched reluctance generator is used in the unit, and it can realize the changing frequently of direction and improving system efficiency of beamtype pumping unit. Motor control system enables flexible start-up and speed control of switched reluctance motors, and it avoids the mechanical impact of the pumping unit changing direction. Gear speed reducer was instead by using a planetary gear roller with a compact structure and a large reduction ratio. The stability and work efficiency of the pumping unit system was improved by the change of the potential energy which used of the lifting and lowering of the counterweight guide member. The pumping wells have been tested with the experiment platform, the working performance of the main components of the pumping unit and the stability of the control system were verified. The test data of the operation before and after are compared and analyzed. The results show that the energy-saving effects are very remarkable and performance is improved.