“文明观念”:塔夫脱与美菲殖民关系(1909-1913)

“Ideas of Civilization”: William Howard Taft and the colonial relations between the United States and the Philippines(1909-1913)

1900-1913年,被史学界称之为"塔夫脱时代"。塔夫脱在这段时间里一直坚持,在可预见的未来里不应给菲律宾独立的许诺。这种观点指引着其在总统任期内的菲律宾政策。文章旨在考察塔夫脱赢得1908年大选的"菲律宾因素",及其当政后力推《佩恩-奥德里奇关税案》、阻止《琼斯法案》通过等实际行动,探讨其行为背后思想根源,即19世纪末20世纪初盛行于美国的"文明观念"究竟对塔夫脱产生多大影响。

From 1900 to 1913, it was called the ＂Taft age＂ by historians. Taft has been insisting that the Philippines should not be promised independence for the forseeable future. This view has guided his Philippine policy during his presidency. The purpose of this paper is to examine the ＂Philippine factor＂ of Taft＇ s victory in 1908, and After Taft came to power, he pushed for the passing of the Payne Aldrich tariff and prevented the passing of the Jones act. Discussing the thought factor behind his behavior, to what extent Taft was influenced by the ＂ideas of civilization＂ that prevailed in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.