适宜河北省机械采摘的棉花品种筛选研究

Study on Screening Cotton Varieties Suitable for Mechanical Harvest in Hebei Province

机械化生产是现代农业发展必然趋势。河北省是我国棉花生产的重要省份。为了更好地促进机采棉技术的推广,从农艺性状、脱叶率和吐絮率、产量和早熟性、纤维品质4个方面13个指标,对11个中熟常规品种进行了机采棉适合品种的筛选试验。结果表明:冀丰914的各项指标均达到机采棉要求;冀丰1271上半部纤维长度为29.5 mm、断裂比强度为29.4 cN/tex,2个指标略低于机采棉要求,而其他指标均表现良好。冀丰914和冀丰1271可作为机采棉的备选品种。研究还发现,在机采棉种植模式下,加强化学调控,可以较好地控制各品种的株高和果枝长度,满足机采需求。喷施脱叶剂后的吐絮率、脱叶率、产量、品质以及早熟性则由品种特性决定,需要在育种过程中严格筛选符合机采的类型。

Mechanized production is the inexorable trend of modern agriculture development. Hebei is an im-portant province of cotton production. To popularize the machine picked cotton technology effectively,eleven medium conventional cotton varieties suitable for mechanical harvest were screened from the aspects of agro-nomic traits,defoliation rate,boll opening rate,yield and early maturity and fiber quality. The results showed that Jifeng 914 was suitable for mechanical harvest. The fiber length and fiber specific breaking strength of Jifeng 1271 were 29.5 mm and 29.4 cN/tex respectively,which were slightly lower than that suit-able for mechanical harvest,while the other indexes of this varieties were excellent. Jifeng 914 and Jifeng 1271 could be the alternative varieties for mechanical harvest. We still found that under the machine picked cotton planting model,the plant height and fruit branch length of the tested varieties could be controlled bet-ter by chemical regulation to meet the demand of mechanical harvest. The boll opening rate defoliation rate yield,fiber quality and earliy maturity after defoliant treatment were mainly genetic controlled. Thus,more attention should be paid on during cotton breeding to select the types suitable for mechanical harvest.