“倒灶”的来源和发展

The Origin and Evolution of “Dao Zao”

"倒灶"作为方言词散用与我国晋语、吴语等方言区,有动词和形容词两种词性,并有"垮台、落败"及"倒霉"义。其产生于宋代,在元代两者连用词义产生变化,在明清频繁使用下过渡为动词及形容词。在其词汇化过程中,本义逐渐隐去不用,引申义沿用至今。从语言学角度入手分析"倒灶"一词的来源与发展,探究其在历史过程中的意义变化。

As a dialect word widely used in the Jin Language, Wu Language and other dialects, ＂Dao Zao＂ can be interpreted as ＂collapse,defeat＂ and ＂unlucky＂ and has the verb and the adjective meaning. It appeared in the Song Dynasty, and changed it means in the Yuan Dynasty. Due to the frequently use, it transformed as the verb and the adjective in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the process of its lexicalization, the original meaning gradually disappeared, and the extended meaning is still in use now. From the perspective of linguistics, this paper analyzes the origin and evolution of the word ＂Dao Zao＂ and explores its significance in the historical process.