黔南少数民族地区农村留守老年人群心理卫生问题及对策思考

Mental Health Problems and Countermeasures of Rural Left Behind Elderly in Qiannan Minority Areas of Guizhou Province

论文以黔南州946名少数民族地区老年人为对象,通过入户调查,对他们的焦虑状态、抑郁状态进行评估,其结果为:少数民族农村留守老年人40.1%表现为焦虑状态,56.4%表现为抑郁状态。经过作者分析焦虑状态发病情况在性别、民族、与子女关系上存在差异(P<0.05),抑郁发病情况在性别、民族、留守情况、经济收入、经济支出、与亲人关系、饮酒行为上存在差异(P<0.05)。采用多因素方差分析,焦虑与性别、民族、与子女关系存在相关性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);抑郁与性别、民族、留守情况、经济收入、经济支出存在相关性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其结论为:贵州省黔南少数民族地区农村留守老年人群焦虑、抑郁状态发病率较高,主要是与其日常收入、留守农村以及与亲人子女关系等有关,应针性对采取有效的干预对策,帮助留守老年群体心理健康水平的提升。

To explore the mental health status of rural left behind elderly population in Qiannan minority areas of Guizhou Province, and put forward corresponding countermeasures for improvement. Methods： the baseline data, anxiety state and depression state of 946 elderly people in Qiannan, Guizhou province were assessed by household survey. Results： 40.1%of the elderly in rural areas were found to be anxious and 56.4% were depressed, and there were differences in the relationship between sex, nationality and children（P0.05）. The incidence of depression was in sex, nationality, left behind,economic income, economic expenditure, and relatives. There was a difference（P0.05） in department and drinking behavior;regression analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between anxiety and sex, ethnic group and children＇s relationship（P0.05）, and there was a correlation between depression and sex, ethnic, left behind, economic income, economic expenditure, relationship with relatives and drinking alcohol, and the difference was statistically significant. Learning meaning（P0.05）. Conclusion： the incidence of anxiety and depression in the elderly people left behind in the minority areas of Qiannan of Guizhou province is high, mainly related to their daily income, the left behind rural areas and the relationship with their relatives and children. The effective intervention measures should be taken to improve the mental health level of the elderly group.