社会比较对护士主观幸福感影响

Influence of social comparison on subjective well-being of nurses

目的分析综合性三甲医院护士社会比较与主观幸福感现状。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,选取457名护士为调查对象,采用《总体幸福感量表》《爱荷华·荷兰比较倾向量表》进行调查。结果护士主观幸福感总分为(71. 6±11. 5)分,社会比较倾向总分为(33. 8±6. 3)分,护士主观幸福感得分与能力维度、观念维度、下行社会比较和社会比较倾向得分均呈负相关[相关系数(r)分别为-0. 282、-0. 268、-0. 138、-0. 251,P <0. 01],与上行社会比较得分呈正相关(r=0. 219,P <0. 01)。层次回归分析结果显示,在排除工作目的、个人月收入、文化程度等混杂因素的影响后,护士社会比较倾向的能力和观念维度均可负向预测主观幸福感(P <0. 01),上行社会比较可正向预测主观幸福感(P <0. 01),可解释护士主观幸福感变异的31. 0%。结论社会比较倾向和方向对护士主观幸福感均具有预测作用。

Objective To analyze the social comparison and subjective well-being status of nurses in comprehensive top three hospitals. Methods A total of 457 nurses were selected as study subjects by stratified random sampling method.They were investigated by Overall Happiness Scale and Iowa-Netherland Comparison Orientation Measure. Results The total score of subjective well-being of nurses was（ 71. 6 ± 11. 5）. The total score of nurses＇ social tendency was（ 33. 8 ±6. 3）. The score of nurses ＇ subjective well-being was negatively correlated with their ability dimension, concept dimension,downward social comparison and social comparative tendency [correlation coefficient（ r） was-0. 282,-0. 268,-0. 138,-0. 251,P〈0. 01 ],and positively correlated with upward social comparison（ r = 0. 219,P〈0. 01）. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that,after excluding the influence of confounding factors such as work purpose,personal monthly salary and education level,the ability and concept dimensions of nurses＇ social preference can negatively predict subjective well-being（ P〈0. 01）. Upward social comparison tendency can positively predict nurses＇ subjective well-being（ P〈0. 01）,which could explain 31. 0% of the variation of nurses ＇ subjective well-being.Conclusion The social comparison tendency and direction have a predictive effect on the subjective well-being of nurses.