我国大型岩土工程施工安全风险管理研究进展

Research progress on safety risk management for large scale geotechnical engineering construction in China

在我国,以城市轨道交通、高速公路网建设、高速铁路网建设、重大水利工程建设等为代表的大型岩土工程具有尺度大、施工周期长、操作复杂和工程安全状况堪忧的特点。不同类型的安全事故持续不断,造成的经济损失和人员伤亡居高不下。概括总结了2010-2017年间我国大型岩土工程施工安全风险管理研究方面的主要进展,包括:(1)大型岩土工程施工安全风险管理重大科技项目、成果奖励、规范;(2)大型岩土工程施工安全风险分析与评估方法方面研究进展;(3)大型岩土工程施工安全风险监控与预警方面研究进展;(4)大型岩土工程施工安全风险管理信息化技术与平台方面研究进展;(5)大型岩土工程施工安全风险智能化分析与控制方面研究进展。基于我国大型岩土工程施工安全风险管理研究方面主要进展的分析,提出了我国大型岩土工程施工安全风险管理方面面临的新挑战:(1)定量化风险评估理论和技术的应用推广;(2)风险决策理论;(3)推行全过程安全风险管理计划;(4)构建岩土工程安全事故案例共享平台;(5)基于大数据挖掘技术的岩土工程参数分析与控制;(6)智慧岩土工程研究和建设。

Geotechnical engineering in China including urban rail transit, highway, high-speed rail construction, hydraulic engineering is featured by large scale, long construction period, complex operation and frustrating situations regarding project safety. Various accidents have been reported from time to time, resulting in serious social impact and huge economic loss. This paper presents the main progress in the safety risk management of geotechnical engineering in China from 2010 to 2017, including（1） national major scientific and technological projects, achievement awards, specifications for safety risk management;（2） safety risk analysis and evaluation method of large geotechnical engineering;（3） safety risk monitoring and early warning of large-scale geotechnical engineering construction;（4） information technology and platform of construction safety risk management of large geotechnical engineering;（5） the intelligent analysis and control of construction safety of large geotechnical engineering. Based on the analysis of the above research progress in China, new challenges in the safety risk management for geotechnical engineering are identified as follows：（1） application and promotion of quantitative risk assessment theory and technology;（2） risk decision theory;（3） the implementation of the whole-process safety risk management plan;（4） shared platform for the construction of safety accidents in geotechnical engineering;（5） analysis and control of geotechnical engineering parameters based on big data mining technology;（6） research and construction of intelligent geotechnical engineering.