改革开放40年能源产业发展的阶段性特征及其战略选择

The Phasic Features and Development Strategies of China's Energy Industry over 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up

改革开放以来,我国能源产业经历了初步发展、推进发展、加速发展和全面发展四个阶段。针对每一个时期的阶段性特征和存在的问题,我国制定出台了差异化的能源发展政策。经过40年的改革发展,我国能源产业在调整能源结构、提高能源效率、保证能源安全等方面取得了显著成绩。能源产业带来的环境压力、能源供给潜在风险等问题是我国实现能源革命的主要障碍。我国能源产业的未来战略选择要完成五大转变:由高碳路径锁定向低碳路径锁定转变,由传统化石能源向可再生能源转变,由以政府调控为主向市场引导为主转变,由国内供给体系向国际供给体系转变。

Since the reform and opening-up in 1978, China＇s energy industry has undergone four development stages： primary development, promoting development, fast development and all-round development. According to the phasic features and development issues in each stage, different measures have been made to promote energy industry well- developed by Chinese government. After 40 years＇ policy adjustment and development, China＇s energy industry has made remarkable achievements in the terms of energy structure adjustment, energy efficiency improvement and energy systems security. However, issues such as the pressures caused by environmental pollution and the potential risks of energy supply have become main obstacles for energy revolution. Therefore, five great changes are needed for energy industry sound development in the future： high-carbon path lock-in to low-carbon path lock-in; traditional fossil energy consumption to renewable energy consumption; traditional energy technology to intelligent energy technology; government-oriented to market-oriented, domestic supply systems to international supply systems.