全踝关节置换术治疗晚期踝关节炎研究进展

Progress of total ankle arthroplasty for end-stage ankle osteoarthritis

目的总结全踝关节置换术(total ankle arthroplasty,TAA)治疗晚期踝关节炎(ankle osteoarthritis,AOA)的研究进展。方法查阅近年国内外相关文献,从传统TAA手术效果、计算机辅助TAA临床应用等方面,对目前TAA的现状及进展进行总结。结果晚期AOA常导致患者严重疼痛和功能障碍,踝关节融合仍是目前主要治疗方案。近年来,随着手术技术和假体设计的进步,保留关节活动度的TAA病例逐年增加,手术效果也取得明显进步。精确的假体安置和力线恢复对TAA至关重要,手术相关的踝关节置换力线不良是影响假体寿命的重要因素。计算机辅助个体化设计导板可以简化关节置换操作难度,满足胫骨和距骨截骨的精准度。结论基于术前CT的个体化导板技术,其临床效果有待进一步随访观察;同时需要进一步开发适合TAA的术中导航和机器人手术系统。

Objective To review the progress of total ankle arthroplasty（TAA） in treatment of end-stage ankle osteoarthritis（AOA）. Methods The domestic and foreign literatures about TAA in recent years were reviewed. The current status and progress of TAA were summarized from the results of traditional and computer-assisted TAA clinical outcomes. Results End-stage AOA often leads to severe pain and dysfunction, and arthrodesis is still the main selective treatment option. In recent years, with the advancement of surgical techniques and prosthesis design, TAA which can remain joint mobility has increased gradually, and the surgical results also have significant progress. Accurate prosthesis implant and mechanical alignment restoration are critical factors for TAA, and surgery-related malalignment is correlative to the prosthesis failure. Computer assisted patient-specific guide can simplify the TAA procedures and obtain the accuracy of tibia and talus osteotomy. Conclusion The clinical efficiency of preoperative CT based patient-specific guide technology for TAA needs further clinical follow-up. Meanwhile, it is necessary to further develop intraoperative navigation and robotic surgery system suitable for TAA.