全股骨置换术的研究进展

Advances in total femur replacement

目的总结分析全股骨置换术近年的研究进展。方法广泛查阅与全股骨置换术相关的文献报道,分析和总结其手术指征、手术技术、假体设计、手术并发症及分类、术后康复锻炼和功能评价。结果全股骨置换术的适应证是股骨广泛受累或存在跳跃性病灶的肿瘤性疾病和非肿瘤性疾病,以及伴有严重骨缺损的髋膝关节翻修术。手术切口近端以Watson-Jone切口为主,然后沿大腿外侧,远端延伸至髌骨外侧显露股骨全长,保护好血管神经和髋外展结构,行组配或定制假体置换。假体设计不断进步,呈现出了多样化的假体。手术并发症多且发生率不一。术后康复锻炼早期以物理治疗为主,负重训练循序渐进。功能评价主要以国际骨与软组织肿瘤协会(MSTS)评分为主。结论全股骨置换术保肢效果确切,需要继续进行大样本量和长期随访研究,逐渐统一手术适应证和功能锻炼标准,减少术后并发症。

Objective To summarize the advances of total femur replacement in recent years. Methods The literature related to total femur replacement was reviewed, and the indications, techniques, prosthesis design,complications, rehabilitation, and function were summarized. Results The indication of total femur replacement is a wide involvement of the femur, skip lesions and a huge bone defect in revision. Watson-Jone is the main incision in the proximal, and then the full length of the thigh to the patella. Vascular and nerve bundle, abduction muscles are well protected, and combined or costumed prosthesis are replaced. The prosthesis design progresses, showing a diversified prostheses. Complication is frequent and varied. Rehabilitation in early stage is physical therapy, weight training is evolutionary. The main function evaluation system is Musculoskeletal Tumor Society（MSTS） score. Conclusion Total femur replacement is effective in limb salvage. Large sample size and long-term follow-up study should be carried out to unify indications and functional exercise standards and reduce postoperative complications.