中国四城市部分职业人群吸烟行为及二手烟暴露状况分析

Smoking and secondhand smoke exposure among working populations in four cities of China

目的分析中国城市职业人群吸烟行为及二手烟暴露流行水平。方法利用2015年"工作场所健康促进需求评估"专项调查数据,对3 553名职工的吸烟行为和二手烟暴露状况进行分析,指标包括吸烟率、现在吸烟率、现在每日吸烟率、重型吸烟率及二手烟暴露率。结果调查对象中,吸烟率为27.4%,男性吸烟率为48.3%,女性吸烟率为3.0%;现在吸烟率为24.2%,男性为43.0%,女性为2.4%;现在每日吸烟率为22.4%,男性为39.8%,女性为2.2%;重型吸烟率为4.1%,男性为7.5%,女性为0.1%。非吸烟者的二手烟暴露率为67.6%,男性为73.7%,女性为63.4%。建筑工地人群现在吸烟率最高(49.6%),不同性别、年龄、户籍、文化程度和职业者现在吸烟率差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。人群对吸烟、二手烟暴露引起其他疾病的认知明显不足,对吸烟引起3种疾病的知晓率仅为4.4%,对二手烟暴露引起3种疾病的知晓率仅为14.9%。结论职业人群吸烟和二手烟暴露情况严重,对烟草知识的认知严重不足。

Objective To analyze smoking pattern and secondhand smoke exposure among employees in urban China.Methods The data of the Assessment Survey on Need of Health Promotion in Workplaces-2015 was used to analyze the smoking pattern and the prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure in 3 553 employees. Smoking rate, current smoking rate,daily smoking rate, heavy smoking rate, and the rate of secondhand smoke exposure were among the indicators of the study.Results For all the employees, the smoking rate was 27.4%（48.3% for males and 3.0% for females）; the current smoking rate was 24.2%（43.0% for males and 2.4% for females）; the daily smoking rate was 22.4%（39.8% for males and 2.2% for females）; and the heavy smoking rate was 4.1%（7.5% for males and 0.1% for females）. Among the non-smoking employees,the rate of secondhand smoke exposure was 67.6%（73.7% for males and 63.4% for females）. The current smoking rate was the highest（49.6%） among the employees working at construction sites. The current smoking rate differed significantly by gender, age, household registration, education, and type of work among the employees（all P〈0.05）. The level of knowledge about smoking and diseases-related to secondhand smoke exposure was very poor among the employees; the awareness rate was only 4.4% for the three diseases related to smoking and 14.9% for three diseases correlated with secondhand smoke exposure in all the employees. Conclusion Smoking rate and secondhand smoke exposure rate are at high level, while the knowledge about hazards of smoking and secondhand smoke exposure is very poor among working populations in China.