湖南省社区居民高血压和高血压分级现状及其影响因素分析

Prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension at different stages among community residents in Hunan province

目的了解湖南省社区居民高血压和高血压分级现状及其影响因素,为高血压的防治提供科学依据。方法于2013年6月—2014年5月采用分层整群随机抽样方法在湖南省株洲、长沙、永州、岳阳、衡阳、湘西等6个地区24个社区抽取的4 012名≥30岁常住居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测。结果湖南省4 012名社区居民中,患高血压者1 394例,高血压患病率为34.75%;其中,一级高血压832例,患病率为20.74%,二级高血压418例,患病率为10.42%,三级高血压144例,患病率为3.59%。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄较大、体质指数(BMI)较高和同型半胱氨酸(HCY)水平较高是湖南省社区居民高血压患病的危险因素,女性和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平较高是湖南省社区居民高血压患病的保护因素。有序多分类logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄较大、吸烟、饮酒和BMI较高的湖南省社区高血压患者高血压级别较高。结论性别、年龄、BMI、HDL-C和HCY是湖南省社区居民高血压患病的主要影响因素;年龄、吸烟、饮酒和BMI是该地区高血压患者高血压分级的主要影响因素。

Objective To study the prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension of different stages among the community residents in Hunan province and to provide evidences for hypertension treatment and prevention. Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling, we conducted a questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory measurement among 4 012 permanent residents aged more than 30 years in 24 communities selected from 6 administrative regions in Hunan province between June 2013 and May 2014. Results Among all the participants, 1 394 hypertension patients were identified, with an overall hypertension prevalence rate of 34.75%. The number of patients classified as grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ hypertension were 832, 418, and 144, with the prevalence rate of 20.74%, 10.42%, and 3.59%, respectively. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis demonstrated that at an elder age, high body mass index（BMI）, and high homocysteine（HCY） level were the independent risk factors for hypertension among the community residents; whereas,female gender and high serum level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） were protective factors. Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that patients at elder age, smoking, drinking alcohol, and with high BMI were more likely to have a higher grade of hypertension. Conclusion In Hunan province, gender, age, BMI, HDL-C and HCY level are major influencing factors for hypertension among community residents; while, age, smoking, drinking alcohol, and high BMI are impact factors for the severity of hypertension patients.