本溪市中小学生欺凌行为社会生态学影响因素分析

Effect of ecological factors on bullying behavior in primary and high school students in Benxi city: a cross-sectional study

目的了解辽宁省本溪市中小学生欺凌行为现状,探讨影响学生发生欺凌行为的主要因素。方法采取多阶段整群随机抽样方法,于2012年4—6月抽取本溪市小学四年级到高三学生4 008人,匿名填写问卷,采用χ~2检验比较不同性别、学段、家庭亲密度、学校亲密度、朋友数量间学生欺凌行为报告率的差异,同时采用logistic回归方法进行影响因素分析。结果本溪市中小学生欺凌行为报告率为12.9%,欺凌他人、被他人欺凌和既欺凌他人又被欺凌的报告率分别为2.5%、6.5%和3.9%。无论哪种欺凌行为,男生的报告率均高于女生,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0.001)。logistic分析结果显示,男性(OR=2.183)、饮酒(OR=2.436)、打架行为(OR=2.097)、暴力的家庭教育(OR=1.678)、与朋友联系频繁(OR=2.224)等是欺凌他人发生的危险因素;偶尔或经常有孤独感(OR=1.609、3.542)、经常有绝望感(OR=1.651)、学习压力较大(OR=1.707)等是被他人欺凌的危险因素;男性(OR=1.818)、初中生(OR=2.684)、学生亲密度一般及低(OR=1.709、2.617)、经常有绝望感(OR=3.407)、吸烟(OR=2.758)、打架(OR=1.720)、看暴力视频行为(OR=2.018)、暴力的家庭教育(OR=1.520)等是既欺凌他人又被欺凌的危险因素。结论欺凌行为与个人、学校、家庭等因素有关,应从多个方面采取综合干预措施,预防欺凌行为的发生。

Objective To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of bullying behavior among primary and high school students in Benxi city of Liaoning province. Methods An anonymous self-administrated questionnaire survey was conducted among 4 008 pupils（grade 4 and above） and high school students selected with multistage cluster random sampling in Benxi city between April and June 2012. χ^2 test was used to compare the differences in bullying behavior by gender, grade, family cohesion, school cohesion and number of friends. Logistic regression method was used to analyze influencing factors. Results Of all the students, 12.9% reported the involvement in bullying and 2.5%, 6.5%, and 3.9%reported bulling behavior, being bullied, and both bulling and being bullied, respectively. The boy students reported a significantly higher rate of bulling involvement than the girl students（P〈0.001）. The results of logistic regression analysis demonstrated that alcohol drinking（odds ratio [OR] = 2.436）, fighting（OR = 2.097）, violent family education（OR = 1.678）,and frequent contact with friends（OR = 2.224） were risk factors of bullying; loneliness（OR = 1.609）, hopelessness（OR =1.651）, and learning stress（OR = 1.707） were the risk factors of being bullied; whereas, having a sense of despair frequently（OR = 3.407）, smoking（OR = 2.758）, fighting（OR = 1.720）, watching violent video（OR = 2.018）, and violent family education（OR = 1.520） were risk factors of bullying and being bullied. Conclusion Bullying behavior among primary and high school students is associated with personal, school and family factors and comprehensive actions should be taken to prevent bullying among the students.