我国职业人群高血压防治知信行现状及相关影响因素分析

Survey on knowledge,altitude,practice,and associated risk factors of hypertension among working population in China

目的了解我国职业人群高血压知识、态度和行为(简称知信行,KAP)的现状及相关影响因素。方法采用整群抽样,于2012-2013年在全国61家工作场所共抽取37 856名18~60岁职工进行高血压知识知晓情况和高血压的防治态度及行为情况的问卷调查。结果调查对象高血压KAP总分合格率为59.4%,知识题中"高血压主要并发症"问题知晓率最低(11.7%);信念题中"相信控制体质量有利于高血压防治"持有率最低(84.7%);行为题中"规律锻炼"形成率最低(23.1%)。KAP总分合格率女性高于男性(70.7%比53.4%,P<0.01),且随着年龄的增加以及受教育程度的升高而升高(趋势P值<0.05),西部地区、工人、未婚人员、私企员工KAP总分合格率最低,差异有统计学意义。女性[OR(95%CI)2.19(2.09~2.30)]、50~60岁[1.85(1.69~2.03)]、东部地区[1.07(1.01~1.13)]、大学学历[3.10(2.89~3.33)]、办事人员[0.75(0.66~0.85)]、工人[0.85(0.78~0.93)]、已婚人员[1.21(1.12~1.31)]和就职于研究机构[1.83(1.59~2.10)]是高血压防治KAP总分的主要影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论我国职业人群高血压知信行现状有待提高,应基于工作场所开展全方位的健康促进工作。

Objective To investigate the knowledge, altitude and practice （KAP） and the influencing factors of hypertension among Chinese working population. Methods The cluster sampling method was adopted to recruit 37 856 employees aged 18 to 60 years from 61 workplaces across China, from 2012 to 2013, and the subjects were investigated by questionnaires concerning the KAP of hypertension. Results The pass rate for the total score of KAP was 59.4%, and 11.7% of the respondents gave the correct answer to the question of ＂the major complications of hypertension＂, which was the lowest correct rate regarding knowledge; 84.7% of the respondents gave the yes answer to the question of ＂believe in weight control can increase the risk of hypertension＂, which was the lowest holding rate regarding altitude; and the lowest rate regarding healthy behavior was 23.1% for ＂regular exercise＂. The pass rate of KAP total score was higher in women than in men （70.7% vs 53.4 %,P〈0.01 ）, and it increased with age and education （P for trend〈0.05）, while it was lower among the workers, unmarried people, those working in western regions of China and private enterprise （all P〈0.01 ）. The Logistic regression model showed that female （OR：2. 19, 95% CI 2.09-2.30）, aged 50-60 years （OR=1.85; 95%CI 1.69-2.03）, eastern region （OR=1. 07, 95%CI 1.01-1.13）, college education （OR=3.10, 95% CI 2.89-3.33）, clerk {OR=O. 75, 95%CI 0.66-0.85） and worker （OR=0.85, 95% CI 0.78-0.93）, married employees （OR=1.21, 95%CI 1.12- 1.31）, and worked at research institute （OR = 1.83, 95 % CI 1.59- 2. 101 were significantly associated with the KAP total score （all P〈0.05）. Conclusion The KAP status of hypertension among working population in China need to be improved, and comprehensive health promotion activities should be initiated at the workplaees.