产业上游度、出口品质与全球价值链攀升——中美“悖论”的经验证据及启示

Industry Upstream, Export Quality and Global Value Chain Upgrading:The Sino-American Paradox and Its Explanation

产业上游度越低通常意味着更高的附加值率与更高的价值链分工地位．然而，本文经验研究发现，产业上游度与出口固内增加值率的相关性，在中、美两国分别表现为正负相反的“悖论”现象，而在别除品质影响后“中关悖论”随之消失．据此，中固在全球价值链分工地位中与美国的差距，不仅源于不同生产环节和阶段的专业化技术特征差异，还源于相同或相似环节的品质特征差异．因此，实现党的十九大报告提出的“促进我圜产业迈向全球价值链中高端”重要目标，不仅是指要专业化于更加具有技术内涵的生产环节和阶段，也要提升所从事生产环节和阶段的品质水平，如此才能真正促进中国开放型经济高质量发展．

Specialization is closer to the final demand, that is, the lower the upstream of the industry, usually means a higher value-added rate and thus represents a higher value chain division of labor. However, the empirical research in this paper finds that the correlation between industry upstream and DVAex is a positive in China and negative in the United States, thus ＂paradox＂ phenomenon arises, and ＂China-US paradox＂ disappears after eliminating the influence of quality. According to this, the gap between China and the United States in the global value chain division of labor is not only due to the differences in technical characteristics of specialization in different production stages and stages, but also from the differences in quality characteristics of the same or similar links. Therefore, the realization of the important goal of ＂promoting China＇s industry to move towards the high-end of the global value chain＂ proposed by the 19th National Congress report not only refers to the specialization of production links and stages with more technical connotations, but also enhances the quality of production links and stages.