我国居民获得感的测量及其影响因素

The Residents’ Sense of Gain in China and Its Determinants

居民“获得感”已成为衡量经济社会发展的重要指标之一。本文构建了获得感的概念解释框架，并利用CGSS（2013）数据进行因子分析，测算了我国居民获得感的概况及其影响因素分析。主要发现有：（1）我国居民获得感还有较大提升空间，平均得分为61．84分；同时，居民获得感还存在明显的地区差异，重庆市居民获得感最高，平均得分达到68．13分，广东省居民的获得感最低，平均得分仅为55．12分。东部和东北地区除了广东省、天津市和辽宁省外，其他地区居民的获得感超出中部和西部绝大部分地区。（2）获得感因群体而异，个人的阶层状况、家庭收入、年龄、户口、民族、健康、政治面貌、工作和子女数量影响居民获得感的高低，这说明以“共享”为发展理念之一的发展方式还需深化。（3）居民获得感在一定程度上有利于提升幸福感，但幸福感主观性强，容易掩盖经济社会发展红利在不同群体间分配的不平等。

Residents＇ sense of gain is one of the most important indicators to measure the status of economic and social development and a hot research topic in academics. Based on the data of CGSS in 2013, this paper uses factor analysis to calculate the status of ＂sense of gain＂ of Chinese residents and analyzes its determinants. The results show that ：（ 1 ） the overall level of ＂sense of gain＂ of Chinese residents is not high, the average score is only 61.84; it varies from one area to another. While the Chong Qin citizens havethe highest level of ＂sense of gain＂ （scored at 68.13）, the Guangdong citizens get the lowest score, only 55.12. In eastern coastal areas, except Guangdong and Liaoning province, the residents＇ sense of gain level exceeds most central and western regions. （2）determinants of residents ＇ sense of gain include individual＇ s social status, family income, age, household registration, ethnic group, health, political identity, occupation, and the number of children. Moreover, the sense of gain varies across groups show that the development mode which regards ＂sharing＂ as one of the development concepts needs further improvement. Therefurc, people＇ s desire for a better life should become the long-term goal of government in the future. （3） Higher sense of gain can indicate higher happiness, but the subjective characteristics of happiness may cover the unfair distribution of dividends between different groups in economic and social development.