ICP-MS测定10种药材中8种无机元素的含量及其统计分析

Determination of Eight Inorganic Elements in Ten Chinese Medicinal Materials by ICP-MS and Its Statistical Analysis

目的：测定不同来源的穿山龙、地榆、莪术、藁本、麻黄根、山豆根、威灵仙、土木香、薤白、紫菀10种药材中砷（As）,钡（Ba）,镉（Cd）,铬（Cr）,铜（Cu）,汞（Hg）,镍（Ni）,铅（Pb）8种重金属及有害元素的含量,建立相应的基础数据库,以便对上述元素外暴露水平进行安全性评估。方法：采用微波消解法对样品进行前处理,以钪（Sc）,锗（Ge）,铟（In）,铋（Bi）为内标,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）对10种药材进行重金属含量测定。结果：样品中所测8种元素的含量大多数在限定范围内。不同品种元素含量各有差异,威灵仙和紫菀大部分元素含量高于其他药材品种。除汞和镉与其他元素之间几乎无相关性外,铬、镍、砷、铜、铅、钡6种元素相互之间大部分呈极显著正相关。结论：药材中重金属及有害元素含量受多种因素影响,如产地、环境、土壤等,需要对其加强监管控制和严格规范,以保证中药材质量的品质及用药安全;该数据库的建立可为中药安全性标准的制定提供参考依据。

Objective： To determine the contents of arsenic（ As）,barium（ Ba）,cadmium（ Cd）,chromium（ Cr）,copper（ Cu）,mercury（ Hg）,nickel（ Ni）,lead（ Pb） and harmful elements in 10 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials（ Dioscoreae Nipponicae Rhizoma,Sanguisorbae Radix,Curcumae Rhizoma,etc）from different sources,establish the corresponding basic database for safety assessment of exposure level of the above elements. Method： The samples were pretreated by microwave digestion,and scandium（ Sc）,germanium（ Ge）,indium（ In） and bismuth（ Bi） were used as internal standards. The content of heavy metals was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ ICP-MS）. Result： Most of these 8 elements determined in samples were within the limits. The contents of elements in different varieties were different,and the contents of most elements in Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma chinensis and Asteris Radix et Rhizoma were higher than those in other species. Except for almost no correlation between Hg and Cd with other elements, the 6 elements of Cr,Ni,As,Cu,Pb and Ba almost had significant positive correlation with each other. Conclusion：Exceeding the standard of heavy metals in medicinal herbs is affected by many factors, such as origin,environment,soil,etc; which needs to be strengthened to supervise and control strictly and ensure the quality and safety of medicinal herbs. The establishment of this database provides a reference for formulation of safety standards of Chinese medicines.