美国两类私立高校的发展路径探析

Analysis on Development Paths of Two Types of Private Universities in the U.S.

美国非营利性私立高校是慈善和捐赠的产物,营利性高校是市民社会和商业社会的产物。两类私立高校形成了不同的发展路径和办学定位,具有不同的组织生命周期,美国政府基于国家利益而制定的不同的扶持与监管政策是促进两类高校发展的重要动力。

Non-profit private colleges and universities in the United States are mainly products of charity anddonation. Most of their founders are mainly religious organizations,non-profit organizations,clergy and rich people.Profitable colleges and universities are mainly the product of civil society and commercial society. Most of their foundersare profit-making organizations or profit-seeking individuals. Non-profit private universities and profitable privateuniversities have formed different paths of development and orientations,and have different organizational life cycles. Thedifferent supporting and supervising policies formulated by the U.S. government based on the national interests are theimportant driving forces to promote the development of the two types of universities.