废水排放对我国海洋经济效率的影响分析

Analysis of the Impact of Discharge of Wastewater on Marine Economic Efficiency

沿海地区海洋产业产生的废水是海洋经济增长中难以避免的非期望产出,工业、市政污水及养殖业废水的直接入海是沿海生态环境形势日益严峻的重要原因,污染物的负外部性会不可避免的造成效率损失。基于数据包络分析法,利用MalmquistLuenberger指数测度废水约束下我国海洋经济发展效率,并对效率进行分析。研究结果表明:(1)在研究期间内传统核算效率值表明我国沿海省市海洋经济发展效率总体实现了不断改善;(2)废水排放对我国沿海不同省市海洋经济效率值的影响程度不同,福建、浙江、广东三省份考虑废水污染后海洋经济效率未降低,其他省份均存在不同程度的效率损失,表明我国海洋经济可持续发展水平存在区域分异;(3)海洋产业的废水污染负外部性是造成我国海洋经济效率损失的重要原因,若处理得当沿海省份海洋经济发展效率存在进一步改善的空间。

Wastewater of marine industry in coastal areas is an inevitable unexpectable output from the growth of marine economy. The direct discharge to sea of the wastewater is the important source for the increasingly severe ecology system in the coastal area,the negative externality of the pollutants will inevitably cause the loss of efficiency. Based on the Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist-Luenberger index,the efficiency of marine economy is calculated with the consideration of wastewater. The results indicates that：（1）Traditional efficiency shows that the efficiency of marine economy in coastal provinces has been improved;（2） The levels of impact of wastewater on different coastal provinces are different,the marine efficiency in Fujian,Zhejiang,Guangdong shows no trend of declining,while other provinces shows a loss of efficiency in varying degrees,which means the level of sustainable marine economy shows a regioned differentiation.（3） The negative externality of discharge of wastewater is one of the important reasons for the loss of marine economic efficiency,but once disposed in a proper way,the efficiency of marine economy may be further improved.