论贫困治理中人的发展——基于人类认知五层级的分析

Five Levels of Human Cognition and Human Development in Poverty Governance

人类的认知从低到高可以分为神经认知、心理认知、语言认知、思维认知和文化认知五个层级,这为分析以多元、个性、差异、协作为特点的新时代的贫困治理提供了新的范式和工具。从认知五层级来分析,新时代贫困治理的核心议题是促进人的发展,这契合罗尔斯的差别原则,是人类社会进步的标尺。然而,现实中的贫困治理往往因部分贫困户内心需求不满、人格发展不健全、社会素养不够、内生动力不足而出现思想上争当贫困户、心理上自私封闭、思维上依赖政府、行为上隔岸观火的怪象。为此,应激发心智、重视教育,转变贫困户的思维和心态;应结合实际、强化培训,提升贫困户的发展能力;应关注心理、培育文化,激发贫困户的内生动力。

Human cognition from low to high can be divided into five levels： neural cognition, psychological cognition, language cognition, thinking cognition and cultural cognition. This classification provides a new paradigm and tool for the analysis of poverty governance in the new era, which presents the characteristics of pluralism, individuality, difference and cooperation. Judging from the five levels of cognition, the core issue of poverty governance in the new era is to promote human development, which accords with Rawl＇s undefined difference principle and is the yardstick of human social progress. However, in reality, the dissatisfaction with the inner needs, imperfect development of personality, insufficient social literacy, or insufficient endogenous power, will lead to the phenomenon of ideological poverty and spiritual poverty. Therefore, We should change the thinking and mentality of the poor by stimulating the mind, enhance the development ability by strengthening the training, and stimulate the endogenous motive force by paying close attention to the psychology.