美国《澄清合法使用境外数据法》背景阐释

The Background Explanation of Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act of America

美国《澄清合法使用境外数据法》以"数据控制者模式"取代"数据存储地模式",对国际上跨境电子取证的既有制度实现了实质性的突破。该法虽然由"微软诉合众国案"所直接触发,但是从更为广阔的国际发展背景来看,乃是传统的刑事司法协助机制及跨境远程提取电子数据之单边方案存在明显缺陷且运行不畅后优胜劣汰的结果。中国由于不属于该法所谓的"适格外国政府",一方面无法根据该法而通过服务提供者获取存储于美国的数据,另一方面现有的法律却未明确禁止或限制美国以数据披露形式获取存储于中国的数据。为此,中国有必要完善相关法律规定,对境内数据予以更好的保护,同时可考虑对等地授权侦查机关通过服务提供者提取存储于境外的电子数据。

Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act of America has adopted the Data Controller Model to replace the Data Storage Location Model,thus making a material breakthrough of the current cross-border E-discovery system internationally.Although the CLOUD Act was directly triggered by the case of Microsoft Corp.v.United States,it is in fact survived from the problematic traditional criminal assistance mechanism as well as the unilateral cross-border remote E-discovery system.Since China doesn't belong to the so called Qualifying Foreign Governments stipulated in the CLOUD Act,it could not collect the data stored in America from the service providers according to the Act.At the same time,China's current legal regulations have not clearly banned or restricted electronic data collection by the form of data disclosure from America.As a result,not only is it necessary for China to perfect the relevant legal regulations to better protect the data stored within its border,but China could also consider equivalently authorizing investigation organs collecting electronic data stored overseas by data disclosure via service providers.