网络借贷平台的监管权分配与监管规则协同

Regulatory Authority Allocation and Supervision Rules Coordination on Internet Lending Platform

在混业金融背景下,完善网络借贷平台已有法律监管规则的核心,是构建涵盖信息中介与小额贷款机构在内的一体化监管模式,合理放开中介类、增信类、借贷类和衍生类等各类业务,以公共产品供给为理念解决监管权分配和监管规则协同等体制性难题。监管权的纵向分配,应将业务许可、风险控制检查等审批权、强制权和处罚权转移给地方,中央监管机构保留审慎监管和紧急裁量等权力。监管权的横向协调,应利用网络借贷平台在地方监管层面没有分业监管束缚的契机,加速向地方转移机构监管权和行为监管权,完善权责对等、培养地方监管机构对混业金融机构及业务监管的经验与能力。科学合理的监管规则体系,应当能够促进法律规则与行业性监管规则、平台内监管规则的协同,尤其是能够在三者之间形成常规化的衔接与转换机制,从而在监管、产业发展和社会公共利益之间实现平衡。

In the background of mixed finance, the cores of perfecting the existing legal su- pervision rules of online lending platforms are to build an integrated supervision model that in- cludes information mediation and microfinance institutions, to rationalize the release of intermedi- ary, credit, lending derivative and other types of businesses, to solve the regulatory power distri- bution, regulatory rules coordination and other institutional problems with the concept of suppl- ying public goods. With regard to the vertical distribution of supervisory powers, the authority of approval, coercive and punishment on business licenses and risk control inspections should be transferred to local governments, and the central regulatory authority should reserve the powers of prudential supervision and emergency discretion. The horizontal coordination of supervisory powers should use the opportunity of not having the restriction of the separation of supervision at the local regulatory level, accelerate transferring the institution supervision power and behavior supervision power to the local authorities, so as to improve the equality between the rights and responsibilities, and train the supervision experience and capabilities of the local regulatory agen- cies on mixed financial institutions and businesses. A scientific and reasonable regulatory rules system should promote the synergy between legal rules, industry-wide supervision rules, and regulatory rules within the platform. In particular, it is possible to form a regular convergence and conversion mechanism among the three kinds of rules, so that supervision, industrial devel- opment, and society public interests can get the balance.