长沙市2015—2017年食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学特征

Epidemiological analysis of foodborne-disease outbreaks in Changsha, 2015-2017

目的分析2015—2017年长沙市食源性疾病暴发事件的流行特征,从而采取有针对性的防控策略,预防食源性疾病暴发事件的发生。方法对2015—2017年通过国家"食源性疾病暴发监测系统"上报的长沙市食源性疾病暴发事件信息进行整理,分析事件发生时间、地点、发生场所、事件原因和致病因子等因素,描述食源性疾病暴发事件的流行病学特征。结果 2015—2017年,长沙市共报告食源性疾病暴发事件173起,发病1 174人,死亡20人。6—9月是食源性疾病暴发事件发生的高峰,事件发生起数和发病人数分别占总数的75.14%和65.67%;事件发生较多的地区是浏阳市和宁乡市,事件报告数占总数的27.17%和17.34%;事件发生场所以家庭为主,占事件总数的67.05%,其次是农村聚餐;导致食源性疾病暴发的原因食品主要是毒蘑菇,占事件总数的58.96%。食源性疾病暴发事件的死亡病例90%由毒蘑菇中毒所致。结论毒蘑菇中毒是长沙市危害严重的食源性疾病暴发事件,应针对高发季节、高发地区采取有效措施进行重点管理。做好毒蘑菇相关科普宣传,加强对基层医疗机构有关毒蘑菇中毒知识和救治措施的培训,是预防和控制毒蘑菇中毒事件的有效措施。

Objective Analyze the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne-disease outbreaks in Changsha during2015 to 2017, so as to adopt targeted prevention and control strategies to prevent the occurrence of foodborne-diseaseoutbreaks. Methods Using the information of national foodborne disease outbreaks event monitoring system in 2015-2017 toanalyse the distribution of time, place and population and describe the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne-diseaseoutbreak. Results During 2015 to 2017, there were 173 foodborne-disease outbreak events in Changsha, involving 1 174 cases and 20 deaths. The peak of foodborne-disease outbreaks occurred between June and September, the numbers of eventsand cases respectively accounted for 75.14% and 65.67% of the total. The percentage of events occurred in Liuyang andNingxiang were respectively 27.17% and 17.34%. Family was the primary site of foodborne-disease outbreaks, accounting for67.05% of the total number of events, followed by rural banquet. The cause of foodborne disease outbreaks was mainlypoisonous mushrooms, accounting for 58.96% of the total. Mushroom poisoning（mycetism） accounted for 90% of deaths offoodborne-disease outbreaks. Conclusions Mycetism is a serious foodborne-disease in Changsha city, and the effectivemeasures should be taken in peak season and high-prevalence area to manage the poisonous mushrooms. Strengtheningtraining on the knowledge and treatment of mycetism in primary medical institutions is an effective measure to prevent andcontrol poisoning mushroom poisoning.