浙江省绿地系统时空变化特征及生态损益评价

Spatiotemporal variation and ecosystem service value assessment of green space system in Zhejiang Province,China

绿地系统时空变化及其生态损益评价,对促进大区域绿地系统景观格局优化、区域经济建设与环境管理具有重要意义。基于景观生态学理论和系数修正后的生态系统服务价值评估方法,分析了1990—2015年浙江省绿地系统的时空变化特征以及生态系统服务价值(ESV)损益。结果表明:浙江省绿地系统各类景观的时空变化显著,有林地为其主要景观类型,面积先有所增加后持续减少,绿地景观与其他土地利用类型的转化存在明显的阶段性与指向性特征,景观总体趋于破碎化和异质化;浙江省绿地系统的ESV总体表现为持续下降,年均变化率为-0.62%,始终以高生态服务价值区为主导等级区域,而极高等级区占比最小; 1990—1995年,高、极高和低生态服务价值区增加,而极低和中等级区表现为减少;之后,除极高生态服务价值区呈急剧减少外,其他等级区总体上均趋于平稳增加,空间上表现为向山地扩展的趋势,高生态服务价值区逐渐被较低等级所取代;浙江省各地市绿地系统的ESV空间分异显著,其中丽水市最高,其次是杭州市;各地市ESV总体呈下降趋势,且下降速率不断减小,但在2010年后,其下降速率有所增大,这表明人类在开发利用绿地系统时,对其保护和管理仍不到位,未来应注重环保建设,寻求经济与环境之间的平衡。

The analysis of temporal and spatial variation and ecosystem service value assessment of green space system is of great significance to the optimization of green space system landscape pattern in large scale and to regional economic development and environmental management.Based on the theory of landscape ecology and the modified evaluation method of ecosystem service value,we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation of green space system and ecosystem service value（ ESV） in Zhejiang Province from 1990 to 2015. There were substantial temporal and spatial changes of landscapes in the green space system. Forest land,as the main landscape type,increased first and then decreased. The transformation between green space landscapes and other land use types was characterized by obvious periodicity and directivity,with the landscape tending to be fragmented and heterogeneous. The overall ESV of green space system in Zhejiang Province continued to decline,with an average annual change rate of-0.62%. The ESV was dominated by the region with high ecological service value,and the proportion of extremely high ecological service value area was the smallest. In the first five years（ 1990-1995）,the areas with high,extremely high,and low ESV increased,while the extremely low and middle grade areas showed a decrease trend. Afterwards,in addition to the sharp decrease of the extremely high ecological service value area,all the other grades tended to increase steadily and were extended to the mountain. The high ecological service value zones were gradually replaced by low grade zones.The ESV of all cities in Zhejiang Province had significant spatial differentiation,with the highest ESV being in Lishui,followed by Hangzhou. The overall trend of ESV of the cities was decreasing,with the rate of such decrease being decreased. The decrease rate increased after 2010,indicating that the green space system was not properly protected and managed during its development and utilization. Therefore,we should pay more attention to the environmental protection,seeking a balance between economic development and environmental protection.