基于供需耦合机制的流域水生态系统管理

Watershed ecosystem management of river and lake based on supply and demand coupling mechanism

全面认识和理解流域尺度生态系统服务供给与需求的耦合机制,是协调流域不同尺度利益相关方水资源开发利用和保护之间矛盾,推进生态大保护和生态文明顶层设计的重要手段。本文重点阐述了生态系统服务供给需求内涵及其尺度关系特征、生态系统服务供给与需求耦合途径、生态系统服务供需耦合机制的主要驱动因素及生态系统服务供需耦合研究方法对生态系统管理的启示三个问题。科技支撑、资金机制和监测平台是维护重点流域水生生态系统的完整性和自然性,改善流域水生态系统服务供给,协调流域水生态系统服务供给与需求空间耦合关系,促进流域内社会经济与生态系统和谐发展的重要支撑。今后,应进一步加强一手数据积累,构建生态生产函数,提高生态系统服务供给和需求预测的科学性和合理性,为制定流域水生态补偿等政策管理措施提供科学依据。

A comprehensive understanding of the coupling mechanism between ecosystem services supply and demand at the watershed scale is an important pathway for coordinating the contradiction between the development and protection of water resources of stakeholders across different scales in the watershed and promotes the ecological protection and top-level design of ecological civilization. Here,we mainly focused on three issues： connotation and scale-related characteristics of ecosystem services supply and demand; coupling mechanisms between ecosystem services supply and demand; major factors affecting coupling mechanism of ecosystem services supply and demand and research methods on connecting ecosystem services supply to demand for guiding ecosystem management. Scientific and technology support,financial mechanism,and monitoring platform are key to maintain the integrity and naturalness of river and lake ecosystems,improve river and lake ecosystem services supply,coordinate the spatial coupling between river and lake ecosystem services supply and demand,and promote the harmonious development between socioeconomic development and ecosystem protection. In the future,we should strengthen the accumulation of primary data and construction of ecological-production functions to improve the scientific and reasonable prediction of ecosystem services supply and demand,providing scientific basis for the formulation of management measures such as ecological compensation.