基于年龄效应的二语/外语词汇习得研究

A Review of the Studies on the Age Effect of Second/Foreign Language Vocabulary Acquisition

基于二语/外语词汇习得年龄效应的相关研究成果,从正反理据和研究转向解析了年龄因素对于二语/外语词汇习得效率、准确率、次序等方面的影响。相比较语言的其他层面,早期学习者在词汇习得方面并没有呈现出明显的年龄效应,反而是成年人和青少年,在二语/外语词汇习得上更具优势。在很多情况下,年龄和其他因素(如词频、频率分布模式等)交互作用,共同影响二语/外语的词汇学习效果。鉴于此,如何有效提升学习者词汇输入的词频、强度、分布和关联,应成为二语/外语教学中更切实有效的关注点。

Based on the relevant research results of the age effect of second∕foreign language （SL∕FL） vocabulary acquisition,the positive and negative evidence as well as the new research turns were explored to find out the effect of age on the efficiency,accuracy and order of SL∕FL vocabulary acquisition. In contrast to the other aspects of language, the early learners do not presenta significant age effect on vocabulary acquisition; however, the adults and the teenagers take an advantage on SL∕FL vocabularyacquisition. In many cases, age and other factors （such as word frequency, frequency distribution pattern, etc.） interact to affectthe vocabulary learning effect of SL∕FL. Accordingly, it should be the focus to effectively enhance the word frequency, intensity,distribution and relationship of learners’vocabulary input in SL∕FL vocabulary instructions.