我国海洋生态保护修复的关键问题和攻坚方向

Key Issues and Future Direction of Marine Ecosystem Protection and Restoration in China

海洋生态保护修复是破解海洋生态环境污染问题和建设美丽海洋的必然要求,是加强海洋生态系统保护和保障国家生态安全的必要环节,是解决当前社会主要矛盾和为人民群众提供更多生态产品的重要手段。为深入推进我国海洋生态保护修复工作,文章对中央财政支持沿海各地实施的270余个海域、海岛和海岸带整治修复和保护项目以及18个"蓝色海湾"整治行动项目进行系统分析,提出海洋生态保护修复主要包括海域海岸带环境综合整治、海岛整治修复、典型生态系统保护修复和生态保护修复能力建设4个方面;据相关统计,截至2017年年底,全国累计修复岸线260km、沙滩1 240hm^2、海岛近60个、滨海湿地4 100hm^2,多地整治修复效果明显,海洋生态环境呈明显改善和整体趋稳向好的积极态势。与此同时,目前仍存在缺乏具有综合性和系统性的海洋生态保护修复规划、尚未形成多渠道投入机制以及海洋自然修复的研究和实践不足等问题。在此基础上,提出海洋生态保护修复攻坚方向的建议,即做好"三个"转变:保护修复从局部向系统化和高层次转变、资金来源从依靠中央财政向多渠道投入机制转变以及修复模式从人工干预为主向自然恢复为主转变。

Marine ecological protection and restoration is an inevitable requirement for solving the problem of marine environment pollution and launching initiatives for building a beautiful ocean.It is a key link to strengthen the protection of the marine ecosystem and guarantee of the national ecological security.It is also an important means to solve the major social contradictions and pro vide more ecological products for the people.To further promote the protection and restoration of marine ecosystem,a comprehensive analysis,which involved more than 270 projects of sea areas,islands and coastal zones,and 18 projects of the Blue Bay action,were conducted to assess the fol- lowing four aspects, the comprehensive improvement of marine-coastal environment, the renova- tion and restoration in an island, the protection and restoration of typical ecosystems, and the management capacity building. According to statistics, by the end of 2017, China has restored 260 km of shore line,1 240 ha of beach,4 100 ha of coastal wetland,and nearly 60 islands.Among them,Beidaihe,Liaohe estuary,Jiaozhou Bay,Xiamen Bay have obvious effects on the ecosystem restoration,and the marine environment has shown an overall improved and steady trend. Howev- er,there are still problems in the lack of comprehensive and systematic protection planning, the lack of multichanncl investment mechanism,and the lack of practice of marine natural restoration. To provide basis for the future direction of marine ecological protection and restoration, it was suggested that the three directions should be developed under the new situation： promoting scope transformation from the local artificial ecosystem to the integrated ecosystem; promoting mecha nism reform from the central financial input to the multi-channel investment; and promoting change from the artificial intervention mode to the natural restoration mode.