摘要
The growth of internationalization of higher education, both in developed and in emergent countries is a result ofglobalization. In spite of the growing literature on higher education, results from the process of internationalization,its benefits and risks, have not been widely discussed. Studies of different internationalization strategies andcomparative analysis are also scarce. This paper contributes, on the one hand, towards, a reflexion on those topicsby reviewing literature on the evolution of strategies and suggesting guidelines for a national strategy for HigherEducation （HE）; on the other hand, by analysing recent data, compares the scope of high educationinternationalization among European and other countries. There has been an evolution from mobility of studentsand staff towards transnationalization of courses and services/products from higher education institution （HEI）.Global surveys point to different approaches to internationalization and different results and perceptions. The viewthat internationalization is a condition for high performance of higher education institutions and nationalcompetitiveness does not appear to be clearly supported by evidence.
