航空共形薄壁结构件残余应力释放工艺技术研究

Research on Residual Stress Release Process of Aeronautical Conformal Thin-walled Structural Parts

以某型飞机的典型共形薄壁腔体结构件为研制主体,通过对常规薄壁件工艺路线试制,结合结果分析认为,影响薄壁零件变形的主要原因是应力释放,研究重点引入有效的去应力方法,从根本上消除零件切削过程中产生的大量残余应力。首先,在工艺路线中引入振动去应力工艺技术,对此类零件振动去应力所涉及的振动工装结构、工件的工艺中间件结构形式及其装夹方案、激振力大小等工艺参数进行设置;然后,根据X射线衍射残余应力测试结果,在半精加工后引入深冷处理为振动去应力处理做补充;最后,通过X射线衍射残余应力测试和自然失效的方法,双重验证了在常规工艺路线中适时引入振动去应力和深冷处理技术,可以有效地消除共形薄壁腔体在切削过程中产生的大量残余应力。

The typical conformal thin-walled cavity structure of a certain aircraft was taken as the main body of development,the main reason that affected the deformation of thin-walled parts,or releasing stress,was found by analyzing the trial manufacture of conventional thin-walled parts.The key point of the research was introduced to effectively eliminate the residual stress in the cutting process of the parts.Firstly,the vibration stress removal process was introduced into the process line,vibration tooling structure for vibration stress of such parts,structure form of process middleware of work piece and its clamping scheme,the value of exciting force were set.Secondly,cryogenic treatment was introduced after semi finishing to supplement the vibration stress treatment according to the residual stress test results of X ray diffraction.Finally,it was proved that the large amount of residual stresses generated during the cutting process of conformal thin walled cavities can be effectively eliminated by introducing the vibration and stress and cryogenic treatment technology in the conventional process line through the X ray diffraction residual stress test and the natural failure method.