当代儒学发展的机遇与困境——从政治儒学与诸价值理念关系视角的考察

The Opportunity and Predicament in the Development of Contemporary Confucianism: A Perspective of the Relation among Political Confucianism and Other Value Ideas

当代儒学复兴的根据是20世纪以来中国人对生存意义世界重新探求的关切,以及近代以来关于中国建构民族政治共同体文化基础的思考之趋向,因此这一儒学的当代发展有其历史必然性。但是,以蒋庆先生为代表的当代政治儒学偏重于秩序尤其是天道秩序的关怀,强调礼制秩序的重要性,强调人的先天的不平等,从而引发了其所理解的秩序架构与自由平等价值之间的碰撞,而根据蒋庆所经常引征的托克维尔的论述,身份平等却恰恰是现代社会的基础。此外,如果按照蒋庆礼制秩序的理解,法治作为现代社会存在基础的地位就会失落,义务与权利之间的内在同一性也会失调,而我们认为,梁启超的公德观念及其建构反而是传统与现代衔接、义务与权利并进和维护秩序连续性与建构法治社会的共同条件。

Contemporary Confucianism revives on the basis of Chinese people's new pursuit of the meaning world of existence since the 20 th century,as well as the ideological tendency on constructing the cultural foundation of national political community in China since modern times,so its development today has historical necessity.However,contemporary political Confucianists in the person of Jiang Qing focus concern on order especially heavenly order,and emphasize the importance of ritual order as well as innate human inequality,thus causes the collision between the order structure in their understanding and the values of freedom and equality.Yet according to the discourse of Tocqueville who is often cited by Jiang Qing,equal status is exactly the foundation of modern society.In addition,if following Jiang Qing's understanding of ritual order,the status of rule of law as the foundation of a modern society would fall,and the internal identity between rights and obligations would be imbalanced.And we consider that Liang Qichao's idea and construction of public morality can act as the general conditions for joining the traditional and modern times,advancing rights and obligations together,maintaining the continuity of social orders,and building a society ruled by law.