唐代开元盛世的边疆格局及其西北民族关系——以敦煌遗书P.2555陷蕃组诗为中心

The Frontier Pattern in the Kaiyuan Reign and the Relationship with Northwest Minorities of the Tang Dynasty:Centering on the Group of Poems Composed in Tibetan Regime in the Dunhuang Documents

敦煌遗书P.2555是一卷重要文书,其中陷蕃组诗七十二首,反映出当时唐代开元盛世的边疆格局及其与西北各民族之间的复杂关系。P.2555陷蕃组诗集中体现的是唐代开元后期大唐与吐蕃、突骑施、大食、突厥等边疆关系,其创作时间可以推定为开元二十二年冬到开元二十四年秋,不是过去通常认为的敦煌沦陷时期或沦陷前夕。陷蕃组诗作者所称呼的"王都护姨夫"即安西都护王斛斯,唐开元后期镇守西域边关的重要统帅,而陷蕃组诗作者身份为大唐出使塞外戎乡的"富有宰相之望"的吏部尚书、皇室宗亲李暠,不是过去通常所提的毛押牙、马云奇。

Being collected in No.P.2555 of the Dunhuang Documents,the group of 72 poems which were composed when the writer was trapped in Tibetan Regime reflect the frontier pattern in the Kaiyuan reign as well as the complicated relationship between the Tang court and minorities in the northwest.This group of poems epitomise the frontier relationship of the Tang court with the Tibetan Empire,Turkish,the Arab Empire,Turkic,and etc.in the last year of Kaiyuan.The creative time can be presumed as from the winter of A.D.734 to the autumn of A.D.736,but not during or on the eve of Dunhuang being occupied by the Tibetan Empire as formerly considered."Uncle Wang the Protector-general"called by the writer is Anxi Protector-general Wang Husi,an important commander garrisoned the western regions in the later Kaiyuan period;and the writer is actually Li Hao,a kinsman of the imperial house and Secretary of Ministry of Personnel who served as an envoy to the frontier,but not Mao Yaya or Ma Yunqi as used to say.