中国邻避冲突的设施类型、时空分布与动员结构——基于531起邻避个案的实证分析

Facility type,temporal and spatial distribution and mobilization structure of NIMBY Conflicts in China: an empirical analysis based on 531 NIMBY cases

基于来自新闻媒体报道和网络平台的531起邻避冲突个案样本,描述了我国邻避冲突实践样态中的设施类型、时空分布与动员结构。结果显示:邻避冲突的生成原因与邻避设施类型的环境风险、民众的环境利益诉求有关;邻避冲突呈现四种发展态势;邻避冲突事件的数量逐年递增,且与地区经济发展水平正相关;邻避冲突的基本特征在于地方色彩和草根性始终主宰着邻避运动的内在运行逻辑;由于公力救济管道不畅,邻避冲突的抗争方式以私力救济为主;过于强调冲突的消极功能,将导致邻避冲突的解决不尽人意。应以制度化的应对策略减少冲突过程中的不确定性。

Based on 531 NIMBY（ Not in My Back Yard） conflict cases in news media reports and network platform in China from 2005-2016,this essay describes the facility type,temporal and spatial distribution and mobilization structure etc. in practice pattern of NIMBY conflicts in China. The results show： The number of the NIMBY conflicts events is positively correlated with the regional economic development level,and also it is closely related to the environmental risk and the public environmental interests of NIMBY facility type. The prominent feature of the NIMBY conflicts events is that the local color and the grassroots nature always dominate the internal logic of the NIMBY opposition movement; As the public relief pipeline is not smooth,opposing means of NIMBY conflicts take private relief as the main axis. Too much emphasis on the negative function of conflict will lead to the phenomenon that the opposing effect of NIMBY conflicts cannot meet people＇s expectations; The institutionalization of the NIMBY conflict would be the mainstream of solving NIMBY disputes,and also be an important way to avoid the NIMBY conflicts.